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Material Stainless steel or carbon steel (rust-resistant) Main Scale Metric (mm) and/or Imperial (inches) Vernier Scale Secondary scale allowing precise readings (often 0.02 mm resolution) Jaws Large for external measurement, smaller for internal dimensions Depth Rod Slim rod at the end for measuring depth or step Locking Screw Keeps the scale fixed while taking a reading Thumb Roller Provides smooth sliding and fine adjustment Digital Option Some calipers feature a digital display (digital vernier caliper)